[
  {
    "source_id": "IS001",
    "citation": "Mackenzie, Lars Z. \"The Afterlife of Data: Identity, Surveillance, and Capitalism in Trans Credit Reporting.\" TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 4, no. 1 (2017): 45–60.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed journal article",
    "discipline": "trans studies; surveillance studies; political economy",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-3711529",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "pp. 45–60, especially the discussions of Social Security numbers, fraud alerts, employment, housing, and credit-file continuity",
    "establishes": "Credit-reporting systems can keep prior names and gendered traces attached to durable identifiers, making current legal identity suspect and exposing trans subjects during employment, housing, and credit passage.",
    "independent_use": "Primary evidence for schema afterlife, recognition lag, and the cost of abandoning continuity to escape an obsolete administrative self.",
    "limits": "The article concerns United States credit reporting and trans experience; it does not establish the same mechanism in every identity system.",
    "verification": "DOI metadata and full PDF checked; argument and locators paraphrased from the article."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS002",
    "citation": "Haimson, Oliver L., Jed R. Brubaker, Lynn Dombrowski, and Gillian R. Hayes. \"Digital Footprints and Changing Networks During Online Identity Transitions.\" In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2895–2907. New York: ACM, 2016.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed conference paper",
    "discipline": "human-computer interaction; social computing",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858136",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "pp. 2895–2907; methods, findings on persistent names, photos, gender markers, and networks, and design implications",
    "establishes": "In a study of 283 participants, online identity transition involved persistent traces and changing social networks that platform architecture made difficult and painful to revise or remove.",
    "independent_use": "Shows that transition is distributed across co-owned records and relationships; editing a profile cannot complete it.",
    "limits": "Self-reported experiences and the platforms studied do not establish universal platform behavior.",
    "verification": "ACM DOI metadata and full author manuscript checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS003",
    "citation": "Keyes, Os. \"The Misgendering Machines: Trans/HCI Implications of Automatic Gender Recognition.\" Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 2, CSCW, article 88 (2018): 1–22.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed journal article",
    "discipline": "human-computer interaction; critical data studies",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3274357",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "article 88, especially the survey of automatic gender recognition assumptions and applications",
    "establishes": "Automatic gender-recognition research commonly operationalizes gender as binary, immutable, and physiologically readable, despite applications in physical access, analytics, and advertising that make those assumptions consequential.",
    "independent_use": "Shows that recognition failure can be built into the schema before any individual prediction occurs.",
    "limits": "The article is a critical review of a research field, not an evaluation of every deployed classifier.",
    "verification": "ACM DOI metadata and full PDF checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS004",
    "citation": "Costanza-Chock, Sasha. Design Justice: Community-Led Practices to Build the Worlds We Need. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2020.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "open-access university-press book",
    "discipline": "design studies; science and technology studies",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/12255.001.0001",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "Introduction; chapters on design values, participation, and design-justice principles",
    "establishes": "Design distributes benefits and burdens, reproduces structural inequality when affected communities lack power, and can be reorganized through community-led processes.",
    "independent_use": "Provides the repair criterion that authority over redesign must move toward those who bear threshold consequences.",
    "limits": "Design-justice principles guide governance; they do not supply a mechanical test for liminal horror.",
    "verification": "MIT Press DOI, open edition, and chapter contents checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS005",
    "citation": "Bivens, Rena. \"The Gender Binary Will Not Be Deprogrammed: Ten Years of Coding Gender on Facebook.\" New Media & Society 19, no. 6 (2017): 880–898.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed journal article",
    "discipline": "platform studies; media studies",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815621527",
    "access": "abstract and author materials",
    "locator": "abstract and documented history of Facebook gender-field changes",
    "establishes": "Interface expansion beyond a binary does not necessarily remove binary classification from the deeper database and advertising infrastructure.",
    "independent_use": "Supports the distinction between visible recognition and persistent back-end schema.",
    "limits": "Access did not support page-specific claims; the study concerns Facebook's historical implementation.",
    "verification": "SAGE DOI metadata, abstract, and author record checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS006",
    "citation": "Bivens, Rena, and Oliver L. Haimson. \"Baking Gender Into Social Media Design: How Platforms Shape Categories for Users and Advertisers.\" Social Media + Society 2, no. 4 (2016): 1–12.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed journal article",
    "discipline": "platform studies; human-computer interaction",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116672486",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "pp. 1–12; comparative platform analysis and design implications",
    "establishes": "Social platforms encode gender differently across profile, targeting, and data systems, making user-facing flexibility compatible with rigid infrastructural categories.",
    "independent_use": "Adds layered-schema evidence to recognition lag and appeal failure.",
    "limits": "Platform implementations change; the article documents the systems available during its study period.",
    "verification": "SAGE DOI metadata and open full text checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS007",
    "citation": "Beauchamp, Toby. Going Stealth: Transgender Politics and U.S. Surveillance Practices. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2019.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "university-press book",
    "discipline": "trans studies; surveillance studies",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478002659",
    "access": "publisher description and partial text",
    "locator": "Introduction and chapter descriptions concerning identification, borders, prisons, and surveillance",
    "establishes": "Surveillance regimes do not merely discover gender; identification practices produce and police legible gendered subjects across institutional sites.",
    "independent_use": "Places identity thresholds within security institutions rather than treating database mismatch as an isolated technical defect.",
    "limits": "Partial access limits detailed empirical attribution; this supplement uses the book's published scope and central thesis only.",
    "verification": "Duke DOI, publisher metadata, contents, and accessible text checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS008",
    "citation": "Wynholds, L. \"The Provenance of Trans/Gender: On the Subject's Willful Disappearance from the Record.\" Archival Science 25 (2025), article 11.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed open-access journal article",
    "discipline": "archival studies; trans studies",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-025-09477-x",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "full article; sections defining hostile recordkeeping and allowable use",
    "establishes": "Records can be produced under disregard for foreseeable harm, mistrust, or deliberate indifference; ethical provenance must address a subject's agency over permissible record use.",
    "independent_use": "Provides a current account of the archive as an active threshold that can make disappearance a protective act.",
    "limits": "The proposed framework is normative and conceptual; applications require context-specific archival practice.",
    "verification": "Springer DOI, open HTML text, publication metadata, and definitions checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS009",
    "citation": "Ginart, Antonio, Melody Guan, Gregory Valiant, and James Zou. \"Making AI Forget You: Data Deletion in Machine Learning.\" Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 32 (2019).",    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed conference paper",
    "discipline": "machine learning",
    "stable_url": "https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2019/hash/cb79f8fa58b91d3af6c9c991f63962d3-Abstract.html",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "abstract; sections 1–4; deletion-efficiency experiments for k-means",
    "establishes": "For many standard machine-learning models, complete removal may require retraining; the paper formalizes deletion and demonstrates efficient deletion methods for k-means with a limited empirical scope.",
    "independent_use": "Makes erasure a model-level counterfactual rather than a database-interface event.",
    "limits": "The efficient algorithms and reported improvement apply to the paper's k-means setting and datasets, not to arbitrary models.",
    "verification": "Official NeurIPS metadata and full PDF checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS010",
    "citation": "Thudi, Anvith, Gabriel Deza, Varun Chandrasekaran, and Nicolas Papernot. \"On the Necessity of Auditable Algorithmic Definitions for Machine Unlearning.\" In 31st USENIX Security Symposium, 4007–4022. Berkeley, CA: USENIX Association, 2022.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed conference paper",
    "discipline": "computer security; machine learning",
    "stable_url": "https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity22/presentation/thudi",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "pp. 4007–4022; forgeability results and sections on auditable definitions",
    "establishes": "Output-level or approximate unlearning claims can be forged or vacuous; credible unlearning definitions must constrain the algorithmic process and support external audit.",
    "independent_use": "Supplies the evidentiary failure mode of unverifiable erasure.",
    "limits": "The paper proves limits under specified definitions and threat models; it does not show that every approximate unlearning method is useless.",
    "verification": "Official USENIX page and full proceedings PDF checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS011",
    "citation": "Guo, Chuan, Tom Goldstein, Awni Hannun, and Laurens van der Maaten. \"Certified Data Removal from Machine Learning Models.\" In Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning, 3832–3842. PMLR 119, 2020.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed conference paper",
    "discipline": "machine learning; privacy",
    "stable_url": "https://proceedings.mlr.press/v119/guo20c.html",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "pp. 3832–3842; definition of certified removal and experiments",
    "establishes": "Certified removal can bound the difference between a model updated after deletion and one trained without the removed data, under the paper's regularized linear-model setting.",
    "independent_use": "Provides a positive technical comparator to claims that erasure cannot be proven.",
    "limits": "The guarantee does not transfer automatically to deep or generative systems.",
    "verification": "Official PMLR metadata, HTML, and PDF checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS012",
    "citation": "Carlini, Nicholas, Florian Tramèr, Eric Wallace, Matthew Jagielski, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Katherine Lee, Adam Roberts, et al. \"Extracting Training Data from Large Language Models.\" In 30th USENIX Security Symposium, 2633–2650. Berkeley, CA: USENIX Association, 2021.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed conference paper",
    "discipline": "computer security; machine learning",
    "stable_url": "https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity21/presentation/carlini-extracting",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "pp. 2633–2650; extraction methodology and GPT-2 experiments",
    "establishes": "Training examples, including rare and sensitive strings, can sometimes be extracted from a language model without access to its training dataset.",
    "independent_use": "Demonstrates one concrete form of latent model residue after data ingestion.",
    "limits": "Extraction success depends on model, data duplication, attack method, and access; it does not show universal verbatim memorization.",
    "verification": "Official USENIX proceedings page and full PDF checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS013",
    "citation": "Veale, Michael, Reuben Binns, and Jef Ausloos. \"When Data Protection by Design and Data Subject Rights Clash.\" International Data Privacy Law 8, no. 2 (2018): 105–123.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed journal article",
    "discipline": "data protection law; privacy engineering",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/idpl/ipy002",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "pp. 105–123; analysis of access, erasure, anonymization, and system design",
    "establishes": "Privacy-preserving design can make controller retrieval or deletion difficult while not necessarily preventing capable adversaries from reidentifying data.",
    "independent_use": "Shows that one form of protection can obstruct the evidentiary passage needed for another right.",
    "limits": "The analysis is legal and design-oriented; specific technical conflicts depend on architecture and controller practice.",
    "verification": "Oxford DOI metadata and open institutional manuscript checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS014",
    "citation": "Bourtoule, Lucas, Varun Chandrasekaran, Christopher A. Choquette-Choo, Hengrui Jia, Adelin Travers, Baiwu Zhang, David Lie, and Nicolas Papernot. \"Machine Unlearning.\" In 2021 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 141–159. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE, 2021.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed conference paper",
    "discipline": "computer security; machine learning",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/SP40001.2021.00019",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "pp. 141–159; SISA design and experimental evaluation",
    "establishes": "Sharded, isolated, sliced, and aggregated training can reduce the retraining required when data must be removed.",
    "independent_use": "Supplies a concrete design that prepares for future revocation rather than treating deletion as an afterthought.",
    "limits": "SISA changes accuracy, storage, and engineering tradeoffs and does not by itself certify every downstream derivative.",
    "verification": "IEEE DOI metadata and full author manuscript checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS015",
    "citation": "Raji, Inioluwa Deborah, Andrew Smart, Rebecca N. White, Margaret Mitchell, Timnit Gebru, Ben Hutchinson, Jamila Smith-Loud, Daniel Theron, and Parker Barnes. \"Closing the AI Accountability Gap: Defining an End-to-End Framework for Internal Algorithmic Auditing.\" In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, 33–44. New York: ACM, 2020.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed conference paper",
    "discipline": "AI accountability; human-computer interaction",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3351095.3372873",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "pp. 33–44; SMACTR stages, artifact trail, and limitations of internal audit",
    "establishes": "End-to-end audit requires scoping, mapping, artifact collection, testing, and reflection across the development lifecycle, while internal audits retain conflicts and cannot replace external accountability.",
    "independent_use": "Defines the evidentiary chain that an appeal must be able to traverse.",
    "limits": "The framework is organizational and does not guarantee remedy, independence, or enforcement.",
    "verification": "ACM DOI metadata and full PDF checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS016",
    "citation": "Gebru, Timnit, Jamie Morgenstern, Briana Vecchione, Jennifer Wortman Vaughan, Hanna Wallach, Hal Daumé III, and Kate Crawford. \"Datasheets for Datasets.\" Communications of the ACM 64, no. 12 (2021): 86–92.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed journal article",
    "discipline": "machine learning; documentation",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3458723",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "pp. 86–92; documentation questions across dataset motivation, composition, collection, preprocessing, use, distribution, and maintenance",
    "establishes": "Structured dataset documentation can expose provenance, composition, intended use, collection choices, and maintenance conditions that otherwise remain hidden.",
    "independent_use": "Provides one required artifact in the evidentiary chain of appeal.",
    "limits": "A datasheet can be incomplete, inaccurate, ignored, or detached from enforcement.",
    "verification": "ACM DOI metadata and open manuscript checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS017",
    "citation": "Mitchell, Margaret, Simone Wu, Andrew Zaldivar, Parker Barnes, Lucy Vasserman, Ben Hutchinson, Elena Spitzer, Inioluwa Deborah Raji, and Timnit Gebru. \"Model Cards for Model Reporting.\" In Proceedings of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, 220–229. New York: ACM, 2019.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed conference paper",
    "discipline": "machine learning; documentation",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3287560.3287596",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "pp. 220–229; model-card fields and case studies",
    "establishes": "Model reporting can document intended uses, evaluation conditions, metrics, ethical considerations, and disaggregated performance.",
    "independent_use": "Supplies the model-level link between dataset provenance and deployment decision.",
    "limits": "Reporting does not compel a deployer to stay within intended use or provide an appeal route.",
    "verification": "ACM DOI metadata and full author manuscript checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS018",
    "citation": "Kitchin, Rob, and Martin Dodge. Code/Space: Software and Everyday Life. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "open-access university-press book",
    "discipline": "human geography; software studies",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262042482.001.0001",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "chapters 3–9, especially transduction, automated management, air travel, and home",
    "establishes": "Code and space can be mutually constituted: software performs work that continually brings operational space into being rather than merely acting within a fixed container.",
    "independent_use": "Provides the ontology required to distinguish an intact building from a failed operational space.",
    "limits": "The account is relational, not technologically deterministic; code/space permits contingency, override, and contestation.",
    "verification": "MIT Press DOI, open edition, publisher metadata, and relevant chapters checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS019",
    "citation": "Dodge, Martin, and Rob Kitchin. \"Flying Through Code/Space: The Real Virtuality of Air Travel.\" Environment and Planning A 36, no. 2 (2004): 195–211.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed journal article",
    "discipline": "human geography; mobility studies",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1068/a3698",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "pp. 195–211; travel websites, check-in, security, flight deck, air-traffic control, immigration, and customs",
    "establishes": "Commercial air travel is produced through linked code/spaces; when code or spatial operation fails, the intended travel space can cease to function, although staff and travelers can override or contest it.",
    "independent_use": "Supplies a bounded empirical hybrid case of recurrent authorization and operational spatial failure.",
    "limits": "The article predates current biometric and platform systems; it establishes the structure, not present-day implementation details.",
    "verification": "SAGE DOI metadata and full author PDF checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS020",
    "citation": "Thrift, Nigel, and Shaun French. \"The Automatic Production of Space.\" Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 27, no. 3 (2002): 309–335.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed journal article",
    "discipline": "human geography; software studies",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-5661.00057",
    "access": "abstract and partial text",
    "locator": "abstract and sections available through the author manuscript",
    "establishes": "Software increasingly automates routine spatial operations and becomes a background condition of everyday environments.",
    "independent_use": "Provides the genealogy for treating code as spatial production rather than a removable overlay.",
    "limits": "Partial access restricts detailed attribution; later code/space sources carry the principal claim.",
    "verification": "Wiley DOI metadata, abstract, and accessible manuscript sections checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS021",
    "citation": "Graham, Stephen. \"Software-Sorted Geographies.\" Progress in Human Geography 29, no. 5 (2005): 562–580.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed journal article",
    "discipline": "urban geography; infrastructure studies",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1191/0309132505ph568oa",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "pp. 562–580; classification, access, mobility, and urban service examples",
    "establishes": "Software classification sorts people and places into differentiated opportunities, access, mobility, and service, often through ordinary infrastructures.",
    "independent_use": "Connects recurrent authorization to spatial inequality without reducing the mechanism to a spectacular malfunction.",
    "limits": "The article is synthetic and does not establish one universal sorting architecture.",
    "verification": "SAGE DOI metadata and open repository manuscript checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS022",
    "citation": "Moynihan, Donald, Pamela Herd, and Hope Harvey. \"Administrative Burden: Learning, Psychological, and Compliance Costs in Citizen-State Interactions.\" Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 25, no. 1 (2015): 43–69.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed journal article",
    "discipline": "public administration; social policy",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muu009",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "pp. 43–69; conceptual framework and Wisconsin Medicaid policy changes",
    "establishes": "Learning, compliance, and psychological costs shape citizen-state passage, affect take-up, and can be increased or reduced through political choice.",
    "independent_use": "Defines administrative attrition as an operative threshold mechanism rather than incidental paperwork.",
    "limits": "Burden is not inherently unjust or horrific; classification requires consequence, asymmetry, and failed completion or appeal.",
    "verification": "Oxford DOI metadata and full author manuscript checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS023",
    "citation": "Herd, Pamela, and Donald P. Moynihan. Administrative Burden: Policymaking by Other Means. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2018.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "university-press book",
    "discipline": "public policy; public administration",
    "stable_url": "https://www.russellsage.org/publications/book/administrative-burden",
    "access": "publisher description and chapter excerpts",
    "locator": "Introduction and publisher-described case chapters",
    "establishes": "Administrative procedures distribute access and can serve as substantive policymaking while appearing technical or neutral.",
    "independent_use": "Extends administrative attrition across policy domains and supports the distinction between legal eligibility and practical passage.",
    "limits": "Detailed case claims are not made where full chapter access was unavailable.",
    "verification": "Russell Sage publisher metadata, contents, and accessible excerpts checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS024",
    "citation": "Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta. Race for Profit: How Banks and the Real Estate Industry Undermined Black Homeownership. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "university-press book",
    "discipline": "history; housing studies; political economy",
    "stable_url": "https://uncpress.org/book/9781469653679/race-for-profit/",
    "access": "publisher description and partial text",
    "locator": "Introduction and chapters on federally supported low-income homeownership",
    "establishes": "Post-segregation housing programs admitted Black buyers to homeownership through arrangements that exposed them to exploitation, poor housing, and disproportionate risk, a structure Taylor calls predatory inclusion.",
    "independent_use": "Primary historical basis for injurious admission in architecture and property passage.",
    "limits": "The concept arises from a specific United States housing history; transfer to other admissions requires separate evidence.",
    "verification": "UNC Press metadata, contents, description, and accessible introduction checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS025",
    "citation": "Bhandar, Brenna. Colonial Lives of Property: Law, Land, and Racial Regimes of Ownership. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "university-press book",
    "discipline": "critical legal studies; property studies",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822371571",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "Introduction and chapters on property law, racial subject formation, and colonial land regimes",
    "establishes": "Modern property law and racial subject formation developed together across colonial settings; ownership does not merely allocate space but produces legally legible proprietors and dispossessed subjects.",
    "independent_use": "Moves the architectural threshold before the doorway, into title, valuation, credit, and legal personhood.",
    "limits": "The book's distinct jurisdictions and histories must not be collapsed into a universal property mechanism.",
    "verification": "Duke DOI, publisher metadata, contents, and accessible full text checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS026",
    "citation": "Connolly, N. D. B. A World More Concrete: Real Estate and the Remaking of Jim Crow South Florida. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "university-press book",
    "discipline": "history; urban studies; political economy",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226135250.001.0001",
    "access": "publisher description and partial text",
    "locator": "Introduction and chapter descriptions",
    "establishes": "Real-estate markets, property institutions, and urban development could profit through segregation while presenting development as modernization.",
    "independent_use": "Supports the claim that the threshold to property can preserve racial ordering through formally open markets.",
    "limits": "This supplement uses the book's historical thesis, not unverified page-level details.",
    "verification": "University of Chicago DOI, publisher metadata, contents, and accessible introduction checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS027",
    "citation": "Mountz, Alison. The Death of Asylum: Hidden Geographies of the Enforcement Archipelago. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2020.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "university-press book",
    "discipline": "political geography; migration studies",
    "stable_url": "https://www.upress.umn.edu/9780816697113/the-death-of-asylum/",
    "access": "publisher description and partial text",
    "locator": "Introduction; chapters on externalization, islands, detention, and resistance",
    "establishes": "States externalize asylum through remote islands, detention centers, processing sites, and inaccessible jurisdictions that restrict passage and scrutiny.",
    "independent_use": "Defines the enforcement archipelago and relocates the border threshold from a line to a distributed geography.",
    "limits": "The publisher-described global pattern contains distinct national regimes; their legal mechanisms are not interchangeable.",
    "verification": "University of Minnesota Press metadata, contents, description, and accessible text checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS028",
    "citation": "Puar, Jasbir K. The Right to Maim: Debility, Capacity, Disability. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2017.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "university-press book",
    "discipline": "critical theory; disability studies; political theory",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822372530",
    "access": "publisher description and partial text",
    "locator": "Introduction and chapters defining debility, capacity, and maiming",
    "establishes": "Power may manage populations through debility and calibrated injury rather than a simple division between inclusion and exclusion.",
    "independent_use": "Provides a stringent theoretical form of injurious admission and maintained noncompletion.",
    "limits": "The argument is politically and geographically specific, especially in relation to Palestine; this supplement uses it as a bounded conceptual comparator, not a universal template.",
    "verification": "Duke DOI, publisher metadata, contents, and accessible text checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS029",
    "citation": "Gilmore, Ruth Wilson. Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "university-press book",
    "discipline": "carceral geography; political economy",
    "stable_url": "https://www.ucpress.edu/books/golden-gulag/paper",
    "access": "publisher description and partial text",
    "locator": "Introduction and chapters on California prison expansion, crisis, and opposition",
    "establishes": "California prison expansion emerged from political-economic crises and organized state capacity, not a simple response to crime.",
    "independent_use": "Treats confinement as infrastructural passage produced through land, finance, labor, and policy rather than a cell door alone.",
    "limits": "The study concerns California's historical prison expansion and should not be generalized to every carceral regime.",
    "verification": "UC Press metadata, contents, description, and accessible excerpts checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS030",
    "citation": "Guenther, Lisa. Solitary Confinement: Social Death and Its Afterlives. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "university-press book",
    "discipline": "phenomenology; prison studies",
    "stable_url": "https://www.upress.umn.edu/9780816679591/solitary-confinement/",
    "access": "publisher description and partial text",
    "locator": "Introduction and chapters on social death, testimony, and prolonged isolation",
    "establishes": "Prolonged solitary confinement attacks relational sense-making and produces a death-in-life condition through enforced isolation.",
    "independent_use": "Shows a passage whose completion is not arrival at a destination but the organized deprivation of relation.",
    "limits": "The phenomenological argument cannot be transferred to ordinary isolation, empty architecture, or aesthetic solitude.",
    "verification": "University of Minnesota Press metadata, contents, description, and accessible introduction checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS031",
    "citation": "Nixon, Rob. Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "university-press book",
    "discipline": "environmental humanities; postcolonial studies",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt2jbsgw",
    "access": "publisher metadata and full-text research copy",
    "locator": "Introduction and case chapters defining slow violence and representational difficulty",
    "establishes": "Environmental harm can unfold gradually and out of sight, presenting political and representational problems because it lacks a spectacular event.",
    "independent_use": "Supports attritional rupture: a threshold failure can accumulate without a punctual breach.",
    "limits": "Slow violence names broad environmental processes; it becomes relevant here only when those processes govern a consequential passage.",
    "verification": "DOI and publisher metadata checked; relevant full-text sections inspected."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS032",
    "citation": "Hecht, Gabrielle. Residual Governance: How South Africa Foretells Planetary Futures. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2023.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "open-access university-press book",
    "discipline": "science and technology studies; environmental history",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478027263",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "Introduction and chapters on mining waste, discard, and residual governance",
    "establishes": "Waste and discarded people or places can be governed through purposefully inefficient, partial, and enduring arrangements rather than simple abandonment.",
    "independent_use": "Recasts residue as an actively maintained political condition and strengthens the parent account of authority afterlife.",
    "limits": "The book's South African histories and planetary argument require their colonial and extractive contexts; residue is not evidence of intent by itself.",
    "verification": "Duke DOI, open full text, publisher metadata, and relevant chapters checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS033",
    "citation": "Whyte, Kyle Powys. \"Indigenous Climate Change Studies: Indigenizing Futures, Decolonizing the Anthropocene.\" English Language Notes 55, nos. 1–2 (2017): 153–162.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed journal article",
    "discipline": "Indigenous studies; environmental humanities",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-55.1-2.153",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "pp. 153–162; colonial environmental change, Indigenous futurity, and knowledge sovereignty",
    "establishes": "For many Indigenous peoples, climate disruption intensifies colonial environmental change already experienced; adaptation concerns renewing relationships, responsibilities, and knowledge sovereignty rather than confronting an unprecedented future alone.",
    "independent_use": "Challenges universal rupture narratives and sets an authority-transfer condition for repair.",
    "limits": "The article rejects homogenizing Indigenous experience; this supplement does not convert its claims into a generalized post-apocalypse metaphor.",
    "verification": "Duke DOI metadata and full author PDF checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS034",
    "citation": "Anderson, Ben. \"Preemption, Precaution, Preparedness: Anticipatory Action and Future Geographies.\" Progress in Human Geography 34, no. 6 (2010): 777–798.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed journal article",
    "discipline": "human geography; security studies",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132510362600",
    "access": "abstract and partial text",
    "locator": "abstract and conceptual sections distinguishing preemption, precaution, and preparedness",
    "establishes": "Anticipatory regimes act on multiple forms of uncertain future through distinct logics of preemption, precaution, and preparedness.",
    "independent_use": "Supplies a comparison for thresholds organized around an emergency whose destination never arrives.",
    "limits": "The source does not claim that preparedness is inherently oppressive or horrific; applications require an operative passage and failed exit condition.",
    "verification": "SAGE DOI metadata, abstract, and accessible author manuscript sections checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS035",
    "citation": "Schwartz, Joan M., and Terry Cook. \"Archives, Records, and Power: The Making of Modern Memory.\" Archival Science 2 (2002): 1–19.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed journal article",
    "discipline": "archival studies",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02435628",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "pp. 1–19; archival creation, appraisal, description, preservation, and use",
    "establishes": "Archives and records are active technologies of power; archival choices shape social memory and the subjects who can become legible within it.",
    "independent_use": "Grounds archival authorship and rejects residue as a neutral survival of the past.",
    "limits": "The article is programmatic; individual archives require institution-specific evidence.",
    "verification": "Springer DOI metadata and full author manuscript checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS036",
    "citation": "Hartman, Saidiya. \"Venus in Two Acts.\" Small Axe 12, no. 2 (2008): 1–14.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed journal article",
    "discipline": "Black studies; literary criticism; archival theory",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1215/-12-2-1",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "pp. 1–14; archival violence, critical fabulation, and refusal of false closure",
    "establishes": "The archive of slavery structures what can be said and whose life can appear; critical fabulation presses against that limit without claiming to recover what the archive destroyed.",
    "independent_use": "Provides an ethical limit on mediated return: repair cannot manufacture evidentiary completion.",
    "limits": "The essay addresses the archive of slavery; its ethical and methodological force must not be detached from that history or reduced to a generic missing-data problem.",
    "verification": "Duke DOI metadata and full PDF checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS037",
    "citation": "Simone, AbdouMaliq. \"People as Infrastructure: Intersecting Fragments in Johannesburg.\" Public Culture 16, no. 3 (2004): 407–429.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "peer-reviewed journal article",
    "discipline": "urban studies; African studies",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-16-3-407",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "pp. 407–429; Johannesburg relations, practices, and provisional urban coordination",
    "establishes": "Flexible relationships among residents can provide provisional urban functions where formal systems are fragmented or insufficient.",
    "independent_use": "Supplies the counter-infrastructure case that prevents the threshold model from treating official systems as total.",
    "limits": "The concept must not romanticize precarity, unpaid labor, or the absence of adequate public provision.",
    "verification": "Duke DOI metadata and full article checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IS038",
    "citation": "Haney, Julie M., and Susanne M. Furman. \"Consumer Perspectives on Loss of Support for Smart Home Devices.\" 6th Workshop on Technology and Consumer Protection (ConPro '22), San Francisco, May 26, 2022.",
    "category": "scholarly",
    "source_type": "research conference paper",
    "discipline": "human factors; cybersecurity; Internet of Things",
    "stable_url": "https://www.nist.gov/publications/consumer-perspectives-loss-support-smart-home-devices",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "full paper; survey methods, device-category results, and recommendations",
    "establishes": "A survey of 412 smart-home users found limited awareness and varied concern about manufacturer support ending while devices remain connected; unsupported devices can lose updates and retain safety, security, or privacy exposure.",
    "independent_use": "Establishes support withdrawal as a real hybrid threshold in domestic architecture.",
    "limits": "The survey measures reported perceptions and intended responses; it does not show that every unsupported device failed or caused harm.",
    "verification": "Official NIST publication record and full paper checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IT001",
    "citation": "Hu, Vincent C., David Ferraiolo, Rick Kuhn, Arthur R. Friedman, Alan J. Lang, Margaret M. Cogdell, Adam Schnitzer, Kenneth Sandlin, Robert Miller, and Karen Scarfone. Guide to Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC) Definition and Considerations. NIST Special Publication 800-162. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2014, updated 2019.",
    "category": "authoritative technical",
    "source_type": "government technical standard and guidance",
    "discipline": "access control; cybersecurity",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-162",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "ABAC definition, concepts, and policy-decision model",
    "establishes": "Attribute-based access control evaluates subject, object, operation, and environmental attributes against policy rather than granting access through one static identity token.",
    "independent_use": "Technical basis for the recurrent authorization graph.",
    "limits": "The document defines an access-control model; it does not evaluate social justice, user experience, or horror.",
    "verification": "Official NIST DOI, publication page, revision history, and full report checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IT002",
    "citation": "Rose, Scott, Oliver Borchert, Stu Mitchell, and Sean Connelly. Zero Trust Architecture. NIST Special Publication 800-207. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2020.",
    "category": "authoritative technical",
    "source_type": "government technical guidance",
    "discipline": "cybersecurity; access architecture",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-207",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "sections 2–3 on tenets, logical components, policy engine, policy administrator, and policy enforcement point",
    "establishes": "Zero-trust architecture treats access as resource-specific, continuously evaluated, and mediated by policy components rather than conferred by network location alone.",
    "independent_use": "Shows why a contemporary threshold is often a repeated relation among services rather than one door or checkpoint.",
    "limits": "The guidance is architectural and normative; it does not establish how any particular deployment affects a person.",
    "verification": "Official NIST DOI, publication page, and full report checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IT003",
    "citation": "Moriarty, Kathleen, and Stephen Farrell. Deprecating TLS 1.0 and TLS 1.1. RFC 8996. Internet Engineering Task Force, March 2021.",
    "category": "authoritative technical",
    "source_type": "Internet standard",
    "discipline": "network security; protocol governance",
    "stable_url": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8996",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "full RFC, especially rationale, requirements language, and deployment considerations",
    "establishes": "The IETF formally deprecated TLS 1.0 and 1.1 because newer protocol versions address weaknesses and support current cryptographic practice.",
    "independent_use": "Provides a clean boundary case for legitimate protocol retirement and its unequal effects on legacy clients.",
    "limits": "Deprecation is not itself a liminal-horror mechanism; it becomes relevant only when subjects are compelled to use stranded systems without migration or appeal.",
    "verification": "Official RFC Editor record and full standard checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IT004",
    "citation": "Fagan, Michael, Katerina N. Megas, Karen Scarfone, and Matthew Smith. IoT Device Cybersecurity Capability Core Baseline. NISTIR 8259A. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2020.",
    "category": "authoritative technical",
    "source_type": "government technical guidance",
    "discipline": "Internet of Things; cybersecurity",
    "stable_url": "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8259A",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "core baseline capabilities, especially software update, cybersecurity state awareness, and device identification",
    "establishes": "A securable IoT device needs capabilities for identification, configuration, data protection, interface control, software update, and cybersecurity-state awareness.",
    "independent_use": "Defines what support withdrawal can remove from an installed smart-home device.",
    "limits": "The baseline guides capability design; it neither mandates vendor support duration nor documents consumer harm.",
    "verification": "Official NIST DOI, publication page, and full report checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IR001",
    "citation": "Grenfell Tower Inquiry. Grenfell Tower Inquiry: Phase 1 Report. 4 vols. London, 2019.",
    "category": "authoritative inquiry",
    "source_type": "official public-inquiry report",
    "discipline": "fire safety; emergency response; building regulation",
    "stable_url": "https://www.grenfelltowerinquiry.org.uk/phase-1-report",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "volume 1, chapter 4 on compartmentation and stay-put design; volume 4, chapter 28 on advice and evacuation",
    "establishes": "Stay-put guidance depended on compartmentation and reinforcing safety layers; during the Grenfell fire, continued reliance on that guidance impeded evacuation after those assumptions had failed.",
    "independent_use": "Primary authoritative evidence for protocol inertia after guarantor collapse.",
    "limits": "This is evidence of disaster and institutional failure, not a cultural horror object. It must not be used for atmosphere or generalized beyond the Inquiry's findings.",
    "verification": "Official Inquiry index and relevant report chapters checked."
  },
  {
    "source_id": "IR002",
    "citation": "Grenfell Tower Inquiry. Grenfell Tower Inquiry: Phase 2 Report. 7 vols. London, 2024.",
    "category": "authoritative inquiry",
    "source_type": "official public-inquiry report",
    "discipline": "building regulation; construction; fire safety; institutional governance",
    "stable_url": "https://www.grenfelltowerinquiry.org.uk/phase-2-report",
    "access": "full text",
    "locator": "executive summary; volume 4 discussion of external-wall performance and the assumptions supporting stay put",
    "establishes": "The refurbishment, regulatory, product, professional, and institutional failures produced an external-wall system whose fire behavior was incompatible with the safety assumptions on which stay-put strategy relied.",
    "independent_use": "Links material guarantor failure to the continued authority of an emergency protocol.",
    "limits": "The report allocates findings across many actors and systems; the supplement does not simplify them into a single technical cause or use the deaths as aesthetic evidence.",
    "verification": "Official Inquiry publication page, executive summary, and relevant volume checked; publication date verified as 4 September 2024."
  }
]